Saturday, December 28, 2019

Social Influence, Comformity, Obedience and Compliance

Social influence It refers to our need to be right. Sometimes, an individual does not know what is the correct behaviour for the particular circumstances. In these cases, the individual will look to and copy the behaviour of others (e.g. modeling). The behaviour of others provides information on what is the correct thing to do in this situation. There are three types of social influence - conformity - compliance - obedience Conformity Conformity involves developing attitudes, opinions, and behaviors to match the attitudes of a specific group. Most people conform to the standard values, also called norms, of†¦show more content†¦They may be as trivial as choosing the proper clothes to wear to the office so as not to stand out or as serious as choosing whether to have ones children vaccinated against diseases. Finding a rational balance between belonging and being an individual is a challenge for everyone. Many people who feel as if this area of their lives is out of balance benefit from seeking professional counseling to help them find a level of conformity that is more comfortable for them When Asch tested individuals alone they made fewer than 1% mistakes and when the same participants were in a group that made errors in judgments, they make more than 33% errors. This indicates that: ï‚ § We make errors in judgments to fit in with the rest of the group - even when we know the judgment is incorrect. ï‚ § We rely on others for information about reality, about the validity of our feelings, decisions, behaviour etc. ï‚ § We conform because we are unsure of our judgement and not assertive enough. We conform because we need approval and validation. Compliance The concept of compliance is similar to conformity, yet it’s slightly different. For compliance to occur within groups, one must adapt his/her actions to anothers wishes or rules. Requests

Thursday, December 19, 2019

The Imperfect Process Of Campus Sexual Assault Adjudication

The Imperfect Process of Campus Sexual Assault Adjudication It’s a statistic that has circled around the nation for years, one that imprints fear into the minds of young adults and rage into those that demand justice: 1 in 5 female college students will experience sexual assault in the duration of their college career (Clark), with only 20% of those rapes being reported to the police (Hefling). As a topic that is so highlighted in American society, there is a strict demand for an organized, thorough investigation that will result in justice served. Controversy regarding whether the colleges themselves or the criminal justice system should adjudicate the punishment for these vile crimes has arisen; some believe that as an actual crime, these assaults should be taken in a legal stance in order to serve justice at its fullest extent. Others believe that determining punishment through the court system is too nerve-wracking for the victims and that by allowing colleges to do so is the only way they can avoid feeling â€Å"skepticism† by the police, juries, or courts (Know Your IX). However, when juxtaposing the capabilities of the colleges and the court system when it comes to the adjudication process, it is evident that the courts are more competent in determining punishments for campus sexual assaults. It has been argued that colleges are more equipped for attending to the emotional well-being of campus sexual assault victims. Title IX, a federal gender equity law passed in 1972

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Cotabato City Essay Sample free essay sample

Cotabato City is one of the metropoliss of the Philippines located in Mindanao. Cotabato City is an exclave of the SOCCSKSARGEN part found within the boundaries of Shariff Kabunsuan state. but is independent of that state. Cotabato City is distinguishable from and should non be confused with the state of Cotabato. Cotabato City is the regional centre of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao but the metropolis is really portion of the SOCCSKSARGENregion. Cotabato’s population was about 150. 450 in 2000 nose count. Cotabato is about 698. 9 maritime stat mis ( 1294 kilometer ) from Manila. the country’s capital. and is bounded by the municipalities of Sultan Kudarat to the north—with Rio Grande de Mindanao dividing the two—Kabuntalan to the E. and Datu Odin Sinsuat to the South. The metropolis faces Illana Bay. portion of the Moro Gulf. to the West. Cotabato City has a entire land country of 176. 0 square kilometres. HistoryCotabato City had witnessed more history than any other topographic point in Mindanao. We will write a custom essay sample on Cotabato City Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Its history day of the months back to the fifteenth century when Shariff Kabunsuan. an Arab missionary. landed along the Bankss of the Rio Grande de Mindanao and introduced Islam to the indigens. Islam was the religion that moved the early colonists to communal life. and to set up the Sultanate of Maguindanao with its aureate age ushered in by Sultan Dipatuan Qudarat during the seventeenth century the clip when Cotabato City developed as the capital town of Maguindanao. In the 19th century. when Sultan Makakua ruled. roads and piers were constructed which gave rise to the birth of modern twenty-four hours Cotabato. However. the so Municipality of Cotabato was foremost organized at the ulterior portion of the nineteenth century when the Spaniards established a military station at Barangay Tamontaka. one of the earliest Christian colonies. The town was founded by the Spaniards in 1862 and named it in a Spanish equivalent of the word â€Å"fort. † Christianity was introduced in 1870 in the country. Almost a century later it became a metropolis on July 10. 1959. During that clip it was the capital of the undivided state of Cotabato. On July 1. 1950. the so Municipality of Cotabato was made first category municipality under Executive Order No. 466. Nine Old ages subsequently. on June 20. 1959. it was created into a hired metropolis by virtuousness of Republic Act No. 2364. Today. Cotabato City is the place of two administrative parts: Region XII and the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. The City presently serves as the centre for economic support activities ( trade and finance ) . instruction and other support services such as societal. physical. cultural and other basic services of Central Mindanao are offered in the metropolis Brief Overview of Cotabato CityHistorical BackgroundCotabato City had witnessed more history than any other topographic point in Mindanao. Its history day of the months back to the fifteenth century when Shariff Kabunsuan. an Arab missionary. landed along the Bankss of the Rio Grande de Mindanao and introduced Islam to the indigens. Islam was the religion that moved the early colonists to communal life. and to set up the Sultanate of Maguindanao with its aureate age ushered in by Sultan Dipatuan Qudarat during the seventeenth century the clip when Cotabato City developed as the capital town of Maguindanao. In the 19th century. when Sultan Makakua ruled. roads and piers were constructed which gave rise to the birth of modern twenty-four hours Cotabato. However. the so Municipality of Cotabato was foremost organized at the ulterior portion of the nineteenth century when the Spaniards established a military station at Barangay Tamontaka. one of the earliest Christian colonies. On July 1 . 1950. the so Municipality of Cotabato was made first category municipality under Executive Order No. 466. Nine Old ages subsequently. on June 20. 1959. it was created into a hired metropolis by virtuousness of Republic Act No. 2364. today. Cotabato City is the place of two administrative parts: Region XII and the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao. The City presently serves as the centre for economic support activities ( trade and finance ) . instruction and other support services such as societal. physical. cultural and other basic services of Central Mindanao are offered in the metropolis. Geography/Area and Location Cotabato City is located on the northwesterly portion of Maguindanao Province. Approximately. it is 698. 9 maritime stat mis from Manila. the capital metropolis of the Philippines. On the North. the metropolis is bounded by the Municipality of Sultan Kudarat. with Rio Grande de Mindanao as its boundary ; on the E by the Municipality of Kabuntalan ; on the South by the Municipality of Datu Odin Sinsuat and on the West by the Illana Bay. Cotabato City has a entire land country of 176. 0 square kilometres. Climate The city’s clime is by and large characterized by more or less even distribution of rainfall throughout the twelvemonth. Compared to other parts in the Philippines. Cotabato has the lowest frequence of really nebulose or over-cast yearss. The mean temperature in Cotabato City is 25. 5 C. Seasonal temperature varies from 27. 1 C in April. Tourist attractive forces* Rio Grande de Mindanao. The 2nd largest river in the Philippines and the longest in Mindanao crisscrossing. with its feeder. the city’s huge country. Estimated to be 182 kilometres long and 96 metres broad. Water athleticss and boat racing are the popular attractive forces of the river. normally held to co-occur with the Shariff Kabunsuan Festival and the Feast of Hariraya Puasa. * Tamontaka Church – Built in 1872 of Spanish architecture and design. It is the oldest church in the metropolis. a relic of the life yesteryear. * Lourdes Grotto – A reproduction of Our Lady of Lourdes Grotto in France. The compound is equipped with a retreat house for remembrance and seminars. a mini menagerie and a children’s park. * Kutang Bato Caves – The lone cave in the state that is right in the bosom of the metropolis. Its assorted entrywaies. all within traffic a rareness that can merely be had in the â€Å"Heart of Mindanao† . These caves were besides the beginning of the city’s present name for â€Å"Kuta† agencies â€Å"Fort† and â€Å"Bato† agencies â€Å"Stone† therefore the name â€Å"Fort of Stone† which subsequently on became Cotabato. * Old Cotabato City Hall – A century old construction which houses about all of the metropolis authorities offices. It showcases the architectural design of the Maguindanaon Art. * Takumi Butai Memorial Shrine – A memorial in award of Takumi Butai and the Nipponese soldiers who died here during the Second World War. Takumi was the Provincial Commander of the Nipponese forces assigned in Cotabato City. Before he died. he requested that some of his ashes be buried in Cotabato City. This shrine was put up by the Lion’s Club of Kyoto. Japan in cooperation with the City Government of Cotabato.

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

The Atomic Bomb And The Manhatten Project Essay Example For Students

The Atomic Bomb And The Manhatten Project Essay The Atomic Bomb and the Manhattan Project It was December 7, 1942 a beautiful mourning in Pearl Harbor. When out of the blue, hundreds of Japanese planes bomb and either sunk or severely damaged eight battle ships and at least thirteen other naval ships that were docked on the shore. This spark is what involved the United States the forest fire known as World War II. My paper is not on the war itself, but is on the atomic bomb, and what was known as the Manhattan project. In my report I will talk about the many reasons, the atomic bomb had to be created and used. We will write a custom essay on The Atomic Bomb And The Manhatten Project specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The atomic warfare capabilities of the United States were brought about in a letter from Mr. Albert Einstein to Franklin D. Roosevelt, our current president at the time. It may be possible to set up a nuclear chain reaction in a large mass of uranium, by which vast amounts of power and large quantities of new radium-like elements would be generated. It is conceivable, though much less certain, that extremely powerful bombs of a new type may thus be constructed. His letter was the inspiration for the atomic bomb. Although it took a while for Roosevelt to realize what we had stumbled upon, his close friend Alexander Sachs helped him realize the possibilities. Two years later in November Roosevelt appointed a committee to advise him on nuclear fission and the capabilities of the concept in war. At the head of this committee was Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson. About a month later, an event happened that would change the history books forever. The Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii at about 7:50 in the mourning. This brought America into the war and the Manhattan Project was on its way. The Manhattan Project included the designing and construction of the atomic bomb, and the execution of dropping the bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. There were three major research and production sites for the project. The first was Los Alamos, near Alamogordo, New Mexico. This is where the actual weapon would be designed. The head of this site was Julius Robert Oppenheimer; this caused a small uproar because of past involvement in pro communists activities. The second site for the Manhattan Project was in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. At this site, scientist and laborers were separating U-235 from U-238. Here the Hiroshima bomb was built in huge buildings and the locals could only imagine what was going on behind the walls of that building. The third site was at Hanford, Washington. At this site, plutonium was produced; this is where the Nagasaki bomb was built. The difference between the two bombs was the method of detonation. The methods of fusion in both of them were the same. The positive result of using plutonium was it was much more abundant than U-235. The discovery of plutonium was made at Berkley College in California. This discovery was very important because it decreased the time it was going to take the to make the bomb by an unimaginable amount of time. Not hundreds of years, but in time to use against the Japanese before we lost the war. In about a year a workable atomic pile had been created at the University of Chicago. This project was supervised by Enrico Fermi, but he had quite an intelligent group of scientist working with him. The military part of this project was called the Operation Silver Plate. The leader of this mission was Lieutenant Colonel Paul W. Tibbets, Jr. The place picked for this operation was Wendover Field, Utah, and it was one of the most miserable places on earth. About late September 1944, the best of the best men in our military started arriving at Wendover Field. .uccc29fc9b62054c2e93045e0a2b628ad , .uccc29fc9b62054c2e93045e0a2b628ad .postImageUrl , .uccc29fc9b62054c2e93045e0a2b628ad .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uccc29fc9b62054c2e93045e0a2b628ad , .uccc29fc9b62054c2e93045e0a2b628ad:hover , .uccc29fc9b62054c2e93045e0a2b628ad:visited , .uccc29fc9b62054c2e93045e0a2b628ad:active { border:0!important; } .uccc29fc9b62054c2e93045e0a2b628ad .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uccc29fc9b62054c2e93045e0a2b628ad { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uccc29fc9b62054c2e93045e0a2b628ad:active , .uccc29fc9b62054c2e93045e0a2b628ad:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uccc29fc9b62054c2e93045e0a2b628ad .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uccc29fc9b62054c2e93045e0a2b628ad .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uccc29fc9b62054c2e93045e0a2b628ad .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uccc29fc9b62054c2e93045e0a2b628ad .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uccc29fc9b62054c2e93045e0a2b628ad:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uccc29fc9b62054c2e93045e0a2b628ad .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uccc29fc9b62054c2e93045e0a2b628ad .uccc29fc9b62054c2e93045e0a2b628ad-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uccc29fc9b62054c2e93045e0a2b628ad:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Gilded age Essay These men were the ingredients of the 509th squadron and together they were one of the best units ever to have been put into war. The standards for this group would almost be impossible if they were not who they were. They had to drop the bomb from about 30,000 feet and could only have 200-foot margin of error. They could only have a navigational margin of error of . The Atomic Bomb And The Manhatten Project Essay Example For Students The Atomic Bomb And The Manhatten Project Essay Word Count: 1879 The Atomic Bomb and the Manhattan Project It was December 7, 1942 a beautiful mourning in Pearl Harbor. When out of the blue, hundreds of Japanese planes bomb and either sunk or severely damaged eight battle ships and at least thirteen other naval ships that were docked on the shore. This spark is what involved the United States the forest fire known as World War II. My paper is not on the war itself, but is on the atomic bomb, and what was known as the Manhattan project. In my report I will talk about the many reasons, the atomic bomb had to be created and used. We will write a custom essay on The Atomic Bomb And The Manhatten Project specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The atomic warfare capabilities of the United States were brought about in a letter from Mr. Albert Einstein to Franklin D. Roosevelt, our current president at the time. It may be possible to set up a nuclear chain reaction in a large mass of uranium, by which vast amounts of power and large quantities of new radium-like elements would be generated. It is conceivable, though much less certain, that extremely powerful bombs of a new type may thus be constructed. His letter was the inspiration for the atomic bomb. Although it took a while for Roosevelt to realize what we had stumbled upon, his close friend Alexander Sachs helped him realize the possibilities. Two years later in November Roosevelt appointed a committee to advise him on nuclear fission and the capabilities of the concept in war. At the head of this committee was Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson. About a month later, an event happened that would change the history books forever. The Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii at about 7:50 in the mourning. This brought America into the war and the Manhattan Project was on its way. The Manhattan Project included the designing and construction of the atomic bomb, and the execution of dropping the bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. There were three major research and production sites for the project. The first was Los Alamos, near Alamogordo, New Mexico. This is where the actual weapon would be designed. The head of this site was Julius Robert Oppenheimer; this caused a small uproar because of past involvement in pro communists activities. The second site for the Manhattan Project was in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. At this site, scientist and laborers were separating U-235 from U-238. Here the Hiroshima bomb was built in huge buildings and the locals could only imagine what was going on behind the walls of that building. The third site was at Hanford, Washington. At this site, plutonium was produced; this is where the Nagasaki bomb was built. The difference between the two bombs was the method of detonation. The methods of fusion in both of them were the same. The positive result of using plutonium was it was much more abundant than U-235. The discovery of plutonium was made at Berkley College in California. This discovery was very important because it decreased the time it was going to take the to make the bomb by an unimaginable amount of time. Not hundreds of years, but in time to use against the Japanese before we lost the war. In about a year a workable atomic pile had been created at the University of Chicago. This project was supervised by Enrico Fermi, but he had quite an intelligent group of scientist working with him. The military part of this project was called the Operation Silver Plate. The leader of this mission was Lieutenant Colonel Paul W. Tibbets, Jr. The place picked for this operation was Wendover Field, Utah, and it was one of the most miserable places on earth. About late September 1944, the best of the best men in our military started arriving at Wendover Field. .ueef1188e729685795abe1aed82e0da85 , .ueef1188e729685795abe1aed82e0da85 .postImageUrl , .ueef1188e729685795abe1aed82e0da85 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ueef1188e729685795abe1aed82e0da85 , .ueef1188e729685795abe1aed82e0da85:hover , .ueef1188e729685795abe1aed82e0da85:visited , .ueef1188e729685795abe1aed82e0da85:active { border:0!important; } .ueef1188e729685795abe1aed82e0da85 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ueef1188e729685795abe1aed82e0da85 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ueef1188e729685795abe1aed82e0da85:active , .ueef1188e729685795abe1aed82e0da85:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ueef1188e729685795abe1aed82e0da85 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ueef1188e729685795abe1aed82e0da85 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ueef1188e729685795abe1aed82e0da85 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ueef1188e729685795abe1aed82e0da85 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ueef1188e729685795abe1aed82e0da85:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ueef1188e729685795abe1aed82e0da85 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ueef1188e729685795abe1aed82e0da85 .ueef1188e729685795abe1aed82e0da85-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ueef1188e729685795abe1aed82e0da85:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: LCCI Level 2 Book keeping & account Quiz Essay These men were the ingredients of the 509th squadron and together they were one of the best units ever to have been put into war. The standards for this group would almost be impossible if they were not who they were. They had to drop the bomb from about 30,000 feet and could only have 200-foot margin of error. They could only have a navigational margin of error of about a half of . The Atomic Bomb And The Manhatten Project Essay Example For Students The Atomic Bomb And The Manhatten Project Essay The Atomic Bomb and the Manhattan Project It was December 7, 1942 a beautiful mourning in Pearl Harbor. When out of the blue, hundreds of Japanese planes bomb and either sunk or severely damaged eight battle ships and at least thirteen other naval ships that were docked on the shore. This spark is what involved the United States the forest fire known as World War II. My paper is not on the war itself, but is on the atomic bomb, and what was known as the Manhattan project. In my report I will talk about the many reasons, the atomic bomb had to be created and used. We will write a custom essay on The Atomic Bomb And The Manhatten Project specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The atomic warfare capabilities of the United States were brought about in a letter from Mr. Albert Einstein to Franklin D. Roosevelt, our current president at the time. It may be possible to set up a nuclear chain reaction in a large mass of uranium, by which vast amounts of power and large quantities of new radium-like elements would be generated. It is conceivable, though much less certain, that extremely powerful bombs of a new type may thus be constructed. His letter was the inspiration for the atomic bomb. Although it took a while for Roosevelt to realize what we had stumbled upon, his close friend Alexander Sachs helped him realize the possibilities. Two years later in November Roosevelt appointed a committee to advise him on nuclear fission and the capabilities of the concept in war. At the head of this committee was Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson. About a month later, an event happened that would change the history books forever. The Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, Hawaii at about 7:50 in the mourning. This brought America into the war and the Manhattan Project was on its way. The Manhattan Project included the designing and construction of the atomic bomb, and the execution of dropping the bomb on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. There were three major research and production sites for the project. The first was Los Alamos, near Alamogordo, New Mexico. This is where the actual weapon would be designed. The head of this site was Julius Robert Oppenheimer; this caused a small uproar because of past involvement in pro communists activities. The second site for the Manhattan Project was in Oak Ridge, Tennessee. At this site, scientist and laborers were separating U-235 from U-238. Here the Hiroshima bomb was built in huge buildings and the locals could only imagine what was going on behind the walls of that building. The third site was at Hanford, Washington. At this site, plutonium was produced; this is where the Nagasaki bomb was built. The difference between the two bombs was the method of detonation. The methods of fusion in both of them were the same. The positive result of using plutonium was it was much more abundant than U-235. The discovery of plutonium was made at Berkley College in California. This discovery was very important because it decreased the time it was going to take the to make the bomb by an unimaginable amount of time. Not hundreds of years, but in time to use against the Japanese before we lost the war. In about a year a workable atomic pile had been created at the University of Chicago. This project was supervised by Enrico Fermi, but he had quite an intelligent group of scientist working with him. The military part of this project was called the Operation Silver Plate. The leader of this mission was Lieutenant Colonel Paul W. Tibbets, Jr. The place picked for this operation was Wendover Field, Utah, and it was one of the most miserable places on earth. About late September 1944, the best of the best men in our military started arriving at Wendover Field. .ubf1ba6180f3b5ff2005b92ebaebfb9bc , .ubf1ba6180f3b5ff2005b92ebaebfb9bc .postImageUrl , .ubf1ba6180f3b5ff2005b92ebaebfb9bc .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ubf1ba6180f3b5ff2005b92ebaebfb9bc , .ubf1ba6180f3b5ff2005b92ebaebfb9bc:hover , .ubf1ba6180f3b5ff2005b92ebaebfb9bc:visited , .ubf1ba6180f3b5ff2005b92ebaebfb9bc:active { border:0!important; } .ubf1ba6180f3b5ff2005b92ebaebfb9bc .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ubf1ba6180f3b5ff2005b92ebaebfb9bc { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ubf1ba6180f3b5ff2005b92ebaebfb9bc:active , .ubf1ba6180f3b5ff2005b92ebaebfb9bc:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ubf1ba6180f3b5ff2005b92ebaebfb9bc .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ubf1ba6180f3b5ff2005b92ebaebfb9bc .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ubf1ba6180f3b5ff2005b92ebaebfb9bc .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ubf1ba6180f3b5ff2005b92ebaebfb9bc .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ubf1ba6180f3b5ff2005b92ebaebfb9bc:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ubf1ba6180f3b5ff2005b92ebaebfb9bc .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ubf1ba6180f3b5ff2005b92ebaebfb9bc .ubf1ba6180f3b5ff2005b92ebaebfb9bc-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ubf1ba6180f3b5ff2005b92ebaebfb9bc:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: LaptopsPalm(99) Essay These men were the ingredients of the 509th squadron and together they were one of the best units ever to have been put into war. The standards for this group would almost be impossible if they were not who they were. They had to drop the bomb from about 30,000 feet and could only have 200-foot margin of error. They could only have a navigational margin of error of .

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

A Midsummer Nights Dream Contrast free essay sample

Comparatively, Hoffman rewrote the Shakespeare play into a modern context where it was still the same play but in more of a 20th century setting. Watching â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream† from the movie’s point of view and not just the play can help the audience get more of a clear picture of the things that did not make sense in the play before. In the play, had a variety of characters which made this comedy interesting and original. Reading the play in its entirety is hard to comprehend right away, but watching what you read explains much more. The main lovers in the play are Hermia, Lysander, Demetrius, and Helena. This is just a big mess because you have Hermia who refuses to follow her father’s orders to marry the man he has chosen for her named Demetrius. There is a conflict of interest because her father wants her to marry Demetrius but she is in love with other man named Lysander. We will write a custom essay sample on A Midsummer Nights Dream Contrast or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Hermia’s father goes to the Duke of Athens Theseus where there by watching the movie the audience can help distinguish what kind of characters they are because being able to see it makes a clear picture. In Act 1 Scene 1 for example, Theseus has a speech in which he describes consequences for Hermia’s actions of her disobeying her father orders of marriage. When you are reading it, you don’t know if Theseus is a harsh quick-tempered judge or a nice, mellow patient person. Theseus in the movie is shown as a patient and understanding person, so this actually gives character because the audience can make a connection to the play and the movie and make reasoning of what kind of characteristics Theseus has. There are also more characters that contribute to the humor of that play and make it what it is. There is Nick Bottom, Quince, Flute, Snug, Snout and Starveling. Lastly there is also Hippolyta, Titania, Oberon, Egeus, and Puck. In the movie, these characters have the same names and play the same roles. I find that this makes it easier to understand the movie because Hoffman keeps the names the same being able to compare the similarities and differences from the play and movie. The characters in the movie have their own distinct personalities in the movie and unlike the play the reader does not have side notes that tell you the characteristics of the character in the play. There is not just one difference between the play and the movie there are several. The most evident difference between the 1999 film adaptation and Shakespeare’s play is the setting. The play’s setting is set in Greece, while Hoffman modernizes to the 20th century Tuscany where it was filmed. The characters in the movie used bicycles. In the play there were no bicycles during the time it was written. For example, in the movie you first see after the big blowout with Hermia’s father in Theseus office. Hermia runs off and talks to Lysander where they make their master plan to run off together. There is where in the movie you see Helena first ride up in the bicycle and talk to them. Also the architecture in the movie is more modern then in the play. Reading the play makes the author think of a more classical old look. Watching the movie the audience can see that there is a difference in the costumes and make up. Subsequently, another difference is also when the lovers wake up after Puck get the eye drops right they are naked because the fairies washed their clothes. In the play there was no nudity and washing of clothes during that time. Another difference is that when Flute played Thisbe, he added a serious tone to his performance this changed the mood of the play. Hoffman added these things to make it his own originality. Finally, I feel that the changes changes didn’t affect the storyline but the bicycles gave the characters a way of transportation and provided the audience with a different side of Flute we did not read about in the play. â€Å"A Midsummer Night’s Dream† is a play that is still enjoyable to read and watch too. Even with time the story is still entertaining. The movie was a great cinematic adaptation because it followed the main storyline of the play. I feel that the movie shows what happens in the play and the play gives the audience a breakdown of the storyline Shakespeare is trying to tell. The movie is a great way that helps the audience get rid of the confusion they have from reading the play by watching the movie. Works Cited Page Shakespeare, William. A Midsummer Night’s Dream . Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 1600, 1979. A Midsummer Night’s Dream. Dir. Michael Hoffman. Rupert Everett, Calista Flockhart, Kevin Kline, Michelle Pfeiffer, Stanley Tucci. Fox SearchLight Pictures,1999.

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Generational Differences of Turgenevs, Fathers and Sons essays

Generational Differences of Turgenev's, Fathers and Sons essays Throughout time there have been generational discrepancies based on attitudes, priorities and views of people. For instance, when the young public starts to question the established tradition, then they revolutionize society with new theory and ideals: the resultant is differences in beliefs and changes of outlooks. In response, a generational gap is formed and carried through history between the old reserved ways and the new modern standards. In Ivan Turgenev's novel, "Fathers and Sons", the central conflict is depicted through the theme of generational differences, which are well-defined through the complex portrayal of each character and his/her relations to others. In "Fathers and Sons", the generation discrepancies are strongly suggested through the traditionalists, Nikolai and Pavel Petrovitch Kirsanov in contrast to the modernists, Arkady Kirsanov and Evgeny Vasilevich Bazarov. The main source of conflict that arises in the novel is due to the backbone of beliefs and principles each character holds; these are based on each man's generation and the society around him. For example, Nikolai and Pavel are both brothers of the older generation and follow Russian traditions like their parents before them. Whereas, Bazarov and Arkady (Nikolai's son), both of which decide to question the traditional ways of their country through the practices and modern thinking of nihilism. Arkady regards a nihilist as, " a man who doesn't acknowledge any authorities, who doesn't accept a single principle on faith, no matter how much that principle may be surrounded by respect" (23). The uncle, Pavel Petrovitch, is in opposition of such a concept and disapproves of the young men's beliefs. However, Bazarov feels Pavel and Nikolai are outdated because they practice romanticism with their traditionalist ways and are behind in the times. The biggest opponents on the debate of nihilism (modernism) and romanticism (traditionalism) are Bazarov and...

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Enron's Collapse and Ethical Framework Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Enron's Collapse and Ethical Framework - Essay Example This was an eerie accounting policy that Enron came up with. Although the present earning look very appealing, but the profits earned today could not be shown in the future statements which made the future proforma financial statement looked a little weak.   Enron adopted another extremely innovative accounting policy of starting to make more future contracts in order to make financial statements of future years also look better. This created a never ending spiral and at the end of that spiral was destruction for the company. There were certain other accounting malpractices at Enron. They kept a debt of $600 million off book just to make sure that the financial statements of the company looked good. The reason why this practice is not encouraged is because it does not reflect the true accounting position of Enron.   Debt would have decrease the net value of the company, and share price would have come down. However, this action prevented this from happening and share prices of En ron’s stock remained constant. This is misleading because owners and investors were evaluating a company at a much higher price than the true value of the company.   This is an example of an open violation of truth and trust. Investors usually select the board of directors to make the long term policy for them. Directors hire managers to run the business for them. This shows divorce of ownership and control. This means that owners are not directly controlling the business, but they entrust it to their people selected.... There were certain other accounting malpractices at Enron. They kept a debt of $600 million off book just to make sure that the financial statements of the company looked good. The reason why this practice is not encouraged is because it does not reflect the true accounting position of Enron. Debt would have decrease the net value of the company, and share price would have come down. However, this action prevented this from happening and share prices of Enron’s stock remained constant. This is misleading because owners and investors were evaluating a company at a much higher price than the true value of the company. This is an example of an open violation of truth and trust. Investors usually select the board of directors to make the long term policy for them. Directors hire managers to run the business for them. This shows divorce of ownership and control. This means that owners are not directly controlling the business, but they entrust it to their people selected in the Ann ual General Meeting. These people than entrust the responsibility of day to day operations to managers. In this way, there is a series of trust contract being formed. Ethics of any action require that trust should not be betrayed and whatever happens truth should be told to the real owners who have trusted the directors with their responsibility. The first breach of trust in Enron case started when the directors started sending misleading reports to the owners to make the financial statements of Enron look healthy. This is open violation of truth and trust and shows that in the case of Enron there was a clear evidence of breach of trust. Another problem in this case is the abuse of powers from directors. They started a new system of accounting and started fooling the real

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Merging Companies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Merging Companies - Essay Example It lasted till 1929. 1940 saw the mergers due to tax relief. The next wave came in the wake of booming economy and rising stock prices and lasted as conglomerate merger from 1965 to 1969. The fourth merger wave was of mega merges from 1981 to 1989 due to expanding economy, technical developments and international competitions. The strategic restructuring wave lasted from 1992 to 2000. It was again due to the expanding economy, rising stock prices, technical developments and globalization. An understanding of the market structure and the consumer behavior along with the motives for merger, the issues involved, valuation matters, the human resource angle and other related subjects will dictate the correct path to mergers and acquisitions. Both mergers and acquisitions are synonymous, however they have different implications. An acquisition takes place when one company takes over another company and becomes the new owner. The target company does not exist thereafter. The buyer runs the business, whose stocks continue to be traded. In a merger, two firms often of the same size decide to become one single new company; it is a merger of equals. In a merger the stocks of both the companies are surrendered and a new company stock is issued. A purchase deal will also be called a merger. If a purchase is hostile and the target company does not want to be purchased, it becomes an acquisition. The various types of mergers are given below. Horizontal mergers. Vertical mergers. Conglomerate mergers. Reverse mergers. Accretive mergers. Dilutive mergers. Why Mergers Happen Mergers take place due to variety of reasons. However it is primarily the growth, which dictates further strategy. A company can grow internally, but it is a slow and ineffective method. A faster method is to merge or acquire. The decisions are taken with the object of maximizing the wealth of the firm's shareholders. The motives for mergers are as given below. Growth Synergy Diversification Eliminate competition. Economies of scale. Acquisition of new technology. Improved market reach and industry visibility. Cutting costs Reducing taxes. Empire building. Oligopolies. Monopoly. Valuation Matters A company aiming to take over a target company must determine the worth of the company being acquired. Both sides will have a different prospect of the worth of the company. Target company will value at higher price. Purchasing company will value at lower price. The following seven steps will help in evaluation. Step 1. Analyze historical performance. Step 2. Forecast performance. Step 3. Estimate the cost of capital. Step 4. Estimate the cost of equity financing. Step 5. Arbitrage pricing model. Step 6. Estimating the continuing value. Step 7. Calculating and interpreting results, calculating and testing results and interpretingthe results with in the decision context. Some of the methods that can be used to evaluate the company are as given below. Comparative Ratio. Price/Earning Ratio (P/E Ratio). Enterprise Value to Sales

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Purpose and Mission Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Purpose and Mission - Dissertation Example The mission of the proposal is to gain an in-depth understanding and visibility of the marketing concepts. The mission is accomplished and is reflected in the documentation of the report. It does it through three main parts: the first part of the paper includes the product, its equipments and its features evaluate the target group sufficient for this business. The external factors influencing the success of the travel agency. The ways of segmentations, such as demographics, geographic, psychographics and behaviors were applied in order to define the target group. The second part designs a market research study and establishes possible demand and consumer needs for the proposed travel agency. This includes the type of data to be collected, the target population, sample size and method of data collection (quantitative, qualitative). The third part evaluates how the demand patterns for promotional mix(advertising, direct sales promotion) the scheduling and the budget involved in opening the venture and also recommendations were given how those variations can be managed effectively. Finally the report makes short conclusion, by highlighting the scope and limitations of a travel agency in such a place.

Friday, November 15, 2019

Study Of Philosophical Assumption Analysis

Study Of Philosophical Assumption Analysis This chapter depicts reflexivity the way of carrying research and figuring results -, and addresses philosophical reflexivity, methodological reflexivity, and disciplinary reflexivity (Hardy, 2001; Holland, 1999). Reflexivity particularly illustrates the philosophical assumptions, and the executive steps toward the objectives. Thereby, the chapter discusses how the tentative model is refined according qualitative evidences and validated by quantitative supports (Bryman Bell, 2007, p. 648; Churchill, 1979; Eisenhardt, 1989; Jick, 1979). Figure below briefly illustrates this chapter content. This section addresses the ontological and epistemological philosophy behind the study. It is necessary to crystallize the philosophical assumptions as the foundation of academic research, which is required to choose applicable methods (Annells, 1996). Given paradigm question, research topic associates with a particular meaning in specific circumstances (Goulding, 2002, p. 36). CEM resembles a complex management approach based on marketing philosophy that utilizes some components such as dealing with brand, interface, employee, and relationship to delight customers. Schembri (2006) assume realism to construct the meaning of services experience in ontological perspective. In this ontological position, understanding the customers service experience needs to reflect the customer as the subject that is conjoined with services as the object (Schembri, 2006). Likewise, services experience must be regarded holistically rather than only as performance, process, or outcome. Prahalad and Ramaswamy (2000; 2004) similarly believe all sources of experience are objects that confirm realism in ontology. On contrary, the earlier implicit underlying assumptions indicate a rationalistic philosophy (Vargo Lusch, 2004). Identification of customer desires in a rationalistic logic keeps us away from a holistic understanding of the customers experiential meaning (Schembri, 2006). Schembri (2006) argued the rationalistic assumptions are limiting the advance of marketing theory since experience ontologically is a relation between customer and world. Given epistemology, understanding of human nature in social worlds is acquired by conducting research to capture and interpret the complex ever changing social world. Here, the research methods are applied to interpret social world in terms of meaningful model. Epistemology in connection with the research objectives leads study to get realistic but interpretive understanding about the management role in orchestrating customer experience regarding internal process and proper response. It means subjective factors (experiential modules) should be concerned in epistemological reflexivity (Hirschman Holbrook, 1982). It thus intensifies the subjectivism in epistemology. Generally, there are three schools of thought based upon different combinations of epistemological and ontological assumptions (Alvesson Deetz, 2000; pp. 60-74; Johnson Duberley, 2003): Neo-empiricism (Thesis) (Epistemic: Objectivism Ontological: Realism) Critical theory (Synthesis) (Epistemic: Subjectivism Ontological: Realism) Postmodernism (Antithesis) (Epistemic: Subjectivism Ontological: Subjectivism) Epistemological subjectivists are researchers who assume it is not possible to observe the behavior of social phenomena neutrally without subjective interpretation of perception (Economic Social Research Council, 2008). Realism is about the ontological status of the phenomena that assumed to constitute social reality (Economic Social Research Council, 2008). In the qualitative study, we assume realistic postulation about the ontological status to constitute social reality that they exist independently of our perceptual or cognitive structures (Goulding, 2002, p. 13). Simply, we might not already know all aspects of the phenomenon but we know this reality exists and it can be discovered. Critical theory thus can be the best nominee to be a philosophical underpinning. Critical management study depends on researcher because of subjectivism in epistemology. However, similar to neo-empiricism view in ontology, there is a chance of unbiased and objective data collection and analysis (Alv esson Deetz, 2000), since social construction lead us to the reality (Myers, 1997, p. 241). Interpretive epistemology (Subjectivism) is a phenomenological, hermeneutic approach to reveal meaningful structure by stepping in social phenomenon within the context (Boland Day, 1989). However, it requires observation in natural setting to gain apt understanding (Anderson, 1986; Neuman 1997, p. 68). In addition, interpretive epistemology underlined following issues: Revealing the complexity by gaining in-depth understanding around the phenomenon Reflecting the reality based on close participation and high sensitivity to all elements Capturing the subjective experience of each individual Addressing the subjectivity by, for example, openness to alternative explanation Interpretive methods are utilized for exploring and explaining since (Desphande, 1983): Previous research may not obtain complete understanding The positivist approach is not proper to cover CEM as a new multi-facets discipline Lack of understanding necessitates the research of a phenomenological nature Quantitative approach is not appropriate since cannot figure out inclusive picture CEM is composed of a series of multiple realities that entirely should be taken into account In the quantitative phase, testing the model is necessary as far as it is a comparison between reality and the recommended model. Data is rendered as an objective external reality to come up with truth and therefore, it might be perceived as positivism (Charmaz, 2000). Positivism is based on three facts: logicality (mathematical facts; Smith, 1983), objectivity, detached manner (Burrell Morgan, 1979, p. 21). Epistemology relies on searching regularities and casual relationship between constituent elements of research to test theory and increase prediction power (Neuman, 1997, p. 63). It is also necessary to turn the phenomenon into generalized measurable fact (McGrath. 2008). This approach is acceptable only in case of success. That means, if we fail to verify the model, it is not appropriate and needs to revise (Hindess, 1977, p. 18). Therefore, epistemology can be interpretive in qualitative phase and positivism in quantitative stage (Yin, 1994). Methodological Consideration Nancy and Bradley (1999) hinted theory building begins with a general research question in stage one and ends with a theory and hypotheses that will be tested in more controlled studies in the future. Regarding philosophical assumption, hybrid methodology can be proper for the model building and given objectives. It is appropriate since it simultaneously concentrates on theory building and theory verification. Next section broadly brings some evidences to support this decision. Why Hybrid Methodology Academicians portray CEM as an imperative approach for modern marketing, which leads to business success. Despite the importance, the concept has begun to flourish without any discipline (Bitner et al., 2008; Holbrook, 2007; Verhoef et al., 2009) because of insufficient formal academic investigations, lack of empirical direction and theoretical foundations (Caru Cova 2003; Gentile et al., 2007; Poulsson Kale, 2004; Pullman Gross, 2004). Besides, CEM has a complex setting due to impacts of many different factors. In such complex and undeveloped subject, Nachmias and Nachmias (1981) noted multiple data collection techniques are preferable to reliance on only one. Morgan (1998) declared, Using either qualitative or quantitative methods in isolation can easily lead to mistaken conclusion. That means the combination of inductive and deductive methods is necessary to enhance the confidence in the results (Eisenhardt, 1989; Jick, 1979). The variety of qualitative methods, in addition to quantities study, reasonably helps to figure out research objectives in more natural setting with comprehensive depiction (Furlong, Lovelace, Lovelace, 2000, pp. 543-544). Eisenhardt (1989) posed, grand theory requires multiple studies an accumulation of both theory building and theory testing. Moreover, new categories (not initially anticipated) can arise because of creative potential of mixed method (Eisenhardt, 1989). This methodological approach refers to hybrid methodology that suggests combining qualitative and quantitative methods in logical order or combination. We benefit the potency of one method to improve the fulfillment of the next method (Morgan, 199 8). There are some others motivations for using multiple methods (Jick, 1979): To help to uncover the deviant dimension of a phenomenon To facilitate refashioning theory and model by looking to different viewpoints To enrich explanation of the research problem To ease a synthesis and integration of theories To serve as the critical test, by virtue of its comprehensiveness, for competing theories Given convolution of subject matter, it seems hybrid methodology is much more practical than other approaches to build a novel construct and figure out comprehensible model. Likewise, successful studies with similar approach in the context of study (e.g. Pullman Gross, 2004; Brakus et al., 2009) or in other discipline (e.g. Liao, Murphy Welsch, 2005; Wilson Vlosky, 1997) can be references for reasonableness of adopted methodology. Combing the different dataset can be also synergistic (Pandit, 1996). Eisenhardt (1989) asserted, When a pattern from one data source is corroborated by the evidence from another, the finding is stronger and better grounded. The use of multiple data enhances construct validity (Pandit, 1996), when the results are validated on the same question by multiple methods (Carson, Gilmore, Perry, Gronhaug, 2001, p. 69; Morgan, 1998). Developing the Construct The importance of construct development as the key part of theoretical explanation is underlined in marketing literature (Churchill, 1979; Diamantopoulos Winklhofer, 2001; Jarvis, Mackenzie, Podsakoff, 2003; Peter, 1981). There is emphasis on introducing precise and measurable constructs as a basis for strong theory, which is facilitated by a prior pattern in the opening step (Eisenhardt, 1989). Thus, to discover CEM construct, we initially mull over several theoretical and practical evidences earlier than qualitative investigation to crystallize a former tentative construct. Developing construct can be reflective, formative or both (Jarvis et al., 2003). In reflective model, measures should be correlated, while dropping an indicator from measurement model does not change the whole construct (Jarvis et al., 2003). In contrast, in formative model, the direction of causality is from measure to construct (Jarvis et al., 2003). Developing multidimensional construct for CEM involves two levels; first order is reflective and second order is formative (Type III in Jarvis et al.s study). CEM is assumed reflective construct consists of reflective components, namely brand experience and interface experience, which are composed of multiple formative indicators. Research Setting Research Population Current study focuses on private service sector. There are three main reasons behind this resolution. In the first place, scholars put extra emphasis on practicality of CEM in service context (see Error: Reference source not found). Secondly, there is tremendous flourish in service industry in Malaysia especially in private sector while it has significant contribution in economy (see Error: Reference source not found). Finally, service sector in Asia have faced lot of difficulties during these years, particularly in dealing with increasing expectation, changing lifestyle, tide competition, and commoditization issues (Lovelock et al., 2002). On the other hand, service sector furnishes us with apposite data to analyze and draw a conclusion; since, customer experience is more meaningful in service context due to following reasons. First, service experience includes more interactions and accordingly provides more opportunities for customers to experience and become engaged. Second, service experience is more flexible than goods experience because of high customer involvement; hence, the brand experience can be more likely to remember. Third, the numerous touchpoints enrich experience in service context. Fourth, experience is more likely to differentiate the service offering. Finally, in service, co-creating experience, social and relational experience, and personalized experience are more achievable than goods experience. These evidences enrich the result of investigation and subsequently enhance the comprehensiveness. Unit of Analysis Unit of analysis usually refers to the level of aggregation of the data during conducting analysis. In the present study, organization level as the lowest independent level is chosen as unit of analysis. Although, experience is investigated in individual level, CEM is practiced by organization, derived by organizational capabilities, and it enhances organization outcomes. This option in line with Kenny (2003) has two characteristic: appropriate level of analysis and independence. The unit of analysis also keeps results away from officious impacts such as compositional effects (Kenny Judd, 1986). Hybrid Research Design (mixed methods strategy) The initial step of research design is the division of labor to integrate the complementary strengths of methods (Creswell, 2003, p. 211), which is accomplished via two primary choices (Morgan, 1998): Priority: which method is a principal method and which is a complementary one Sequence: whether the complementary method precedes or follows the principal method In hybrid methodology, prioritizing and sequencing of qualitative and quantitative methods are crucial to conduct a successful research (Morgan, 1998; Tashakkori Teddlie, 2008, p. 161). By combining these two, four options are yield: (1) Preliminary qualitative methods in quantities study, (2) Preliminary quantitative methods in qualitative study, (3) Follow-up qualitative methods in quantitative study, and (4) Follow-up quantitative methods in qualitative study. The Priority Decision Morgan (1998) illuminated The first research-design decision determines the extent to which either the qualitative or the quantitative method will be the principal tool for gathering the projects data. Conducting research leads to the high range of difficulty by exploiting both quantitative and qualitative methods with same weight or in same time (Morgan, 1998). In traditional triangulation, the results gained from the two methods because of complicated linkage and no effective instruments may be either incommensurate or absolute conflicting (Morgan, 1998). Therefore, the more practical approach is to assign one of the methods as the principal tool and then to allocate the second one as the complementary to effectively assists the principal one (Morgan, 1998; Tashakkori Teddlie, 2008, p. 161). This division of labor is more realistic and convenient. The Sequence Decision Morgan (1998) stated, The more practical strategy is to use the two methods in sequence so that what is learned from one adds to what is learned from the other. That means which method based on its strengths, or probable results should be used first (Creswell, 2003, p. 212). This approach optimizes the effectiveness of the principal method (Morgan, 1998; Tashakkori Teddlie, 2008, p. 164). Hence, it is valid to use preliminary output to improve the next method. It maximizes the worth of results, when it upgrades the next method, which uses a different data set. The Priority and Sequence in the current Research The preferable hybrid approach can be qualitative investigation that follows by quantitative study. This pattern will be implement by preliminary qualitative study provides complementary assistance in developing a larger quantitative study. Scholars recommended the exploratory research as the prior approach for the majority of descriptive studies to build a theoretical model (Churchill Iacobucci, 2002, p. 92; Creswell, 2003, p. 215; Yin, 1994, p. 138). On the word of Kotler (2006, p. 122), The objective of exploratory research is to gather preliminary information that will help define problems and suggest hypotheses. Along with the objectives, exploratory study in early stage expand understanding, provide insight, and develop hypotheses until it lets us to continue the study by testing the hypotheses and validating the construct in a deductive study (Churchill Iacobucci, 2002, p. 93). This approach is against traditional triangulation as comparison between different methods, researcher, theory, or results. Priority and sequence decision emphasizes on complementarily characteristic of each method as well as flexibility, manageability, productivity, and lack of difficulty (Morgan, 1998). The data collection begins with a qualitative method to crystallize the definition, and domain, improve the model, and develop the content of the questionnaire. The qualitative results must be treated as tentative until they are confirmed by quantitative research (Morse, 1996). The strengths of qualitative methods are utilized during exploratory study to conduct more fruitfulness quantitative research later. Further, we make use of the quantitative data to verify and expand on what is learned through the qualitative study. Then the quantitative inquiry covers a much larger sample than in-depth qualitative research to explore the generalizability, and transferability of the results ( Morgan, 1998). Why Qualitative Approach is Chosen in the First Phase? The most common design in hybrid methodology is preliminary qualitative studies plus complementary quantitative research (Morgan, 1998). Qualitative research has been arisen in response to limitations in conventional quantitative management research. Scholars recommend the qualitative study in the initial stage of research to overcome insufficient understanding around unfamiliar phenomenon (Churchill, 1991, p. 132). For example, qualitative study is recommended in service and social experience context (Otto Ritchie, 1996; Verhoef et al., 2009). Morse (1991, p. 120) also highlighted some characteristics of subject matter in qualitative research, which have close agreement with our research objectives. Regarding that, inductive method can be applied when: The concept is immature due to lack of theory or theoretical researches The available theory may be inaccurate, incorrect, inappropriate, or even biased There is need to explore and describe the phenomena or develop the theory The nature of the phenomena may not to be suited to quantitative investigation It seems qualitative approach can be the best nominee to overcome immaturity in CEM concept and generate formal theoretical understanding. Moreover, because of inconsistency in the subject matter, it will be practical to use inductive methodology to explore the phenomenon and integrate the various options into more comprehensive definition. Flexibility is another reason behind choosing preliminary qualitative approach (Churchill, 1991, p. 132), since we can take advantage of data to come up with novel themes and restructured the model (Eisenhardt, 1989). Researcher Function and Time Horizon Researcher has active role in data gathering, data coding and interpreting. In general, it is tried to be skilful in collecting and summarizing data in appropriate manner and self-critical accounts. Moreover, to have accurate data, we try to conduct research in bias-free situation and have precise estimation. In qualitative stage, the researchers role as an instrument for data collection is yielding maximum knowledge to accomplish holistic understanding in natural setting (Creswell, 2003, p. 200). Therefore, it requires direct involvement not only in analysis but also in all data collection steps. Given time horizon, the study will be conducted as cross-sectional study and data are gathered just once, over a period of three months in first phase and another three months in second phase. Qualitative Study Success of hybrid methodology highly depends on qualitative phase (Jick, 1979). Qualitative data contributes as the critical counterpoint to quantitative methods, which drawn from firsthand records to characterize the phenomenon, crystallize holistic picture of research topic and report relevant details. The upshots ameliorate the initial propositions to hypotheses (Carson et al., 2001, p. 42). According Creswell (2003, pp. 198-199), we consider following reflection in conducting qualitative research. Firstly, we more emphasize on the process, rather than outcomes. Secondly, researcher works as an instrument for data collection and analysis to reach holistic understanding. Thirdly, qualitative research needs fieldwork and direct involvement. Fourthly, we have to be descriptive with a sense of gaining deep understanding. Finally, the inductive process has to lead the research to build concept, tentative hypotheses, and model from details in realistic way. The qualitative study, based on exploratory research design, intends to investigate the phenomenon, and provide the rigorous insights (Churchill, 1991, p. 130; Yin, 1994). Churchill (1991, p. 130) recommend exploratory research to discover vague problem and discover the possibilities of conjectural statement that here is called tentative model. To build a proper foundation for quantitative study, based on Selltiz, Wrightsman, and Cook (1981, p. 21) and Yin (1994), we justify the applicability of exploratory case study (analysis of selected cases) in the initial phase of research: It is a proper way to answer research question, study contemporary event, and investigate a phenomenon prior to theory development; The concept novelty necessitates submitting some propositions before developing hypotheses; In respect of the various possible variables for CEM construct, antecedents and consequences, we require setting priorities to purpose the model; Given limitation in literature, we crucially should gain enough insight into the problem; Exploratory study helps to capture the domain and generate the right items (measurement) Our approach in qualitative research is in line with exploratory study, which is based on Experience Survey and Analysis of Selected Cases (Churchill Iacobucci, 2002, p. 95). Churchill (1991, p. 135) defined experience survey as the key informant survey, which figures out valuable insight through who has association whit a particular marketing effort. The target of this approach is coming up with relationship and overall variables picture or tentative explanation (Selltiz et al., 1981, p. 94). Analysis of selected case is an approach to explore for explanation or features that can be common with other cases (Churchill, 1991, p. 143). Thereby, we start qualitative study by choosing convenient cases, which are potentially capable to run CEM (see, 5.4.2). Then, we collect data about the construct and domain, examine the tentative model, and explore the alternative characterization via experienced interviewees. Qualitative data analysis package NVivo 8 will be used to enable effective d ata management. The qualitative study procedure is summarized in Figure à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½5 -2. Figure à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ½5à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬Ëœ2: Qualitative Study Procedure Qualitative Research Design and Data Collection Interview can be a practical instrument; since, it results sensible inference through more controllable procedure (Yin, 1994, p. 80). Interview is also the foremost source of data collecting toward theory building (Lillis, 1999). In our case, in-depth interview with non-probability sampling is an applicable technique (Churchill, 1991, p. 135). Interview is carried out face-to-face (one-to-one conversations) in the interviewees self-setting (Denzin Lincoln, 2005, p. 661; Morgan et al., 1990). To make best use of in-depth interview, we design semi-structured questionnaire with following characteristics. According to Furlong et al. (2000, p. 536), semi-structured interview is a proper technique while we have prior idea about questions. Semi-structured questionnaire thus can extract maximum relevant information in specific time because of existing tentative pattern (Yin, 1994, p. 85). It also aids to examine the authenticity of tentative model and prior understanding about propositions. Additionally, to know what is beyond the tentative mode, some open-ended questions empower the interview to have necessary flexibility for further exploration (Furlong et al., 2000, p. 536). The significant advantageous of this method are the modification and completeness (Silverman, 2000). It also systematically saves time and offers specific elaboration in text production and analysis. The standard theme of interview is adopted from Kohli and Jaworski (1990). After a brief description, interviews start open-ended and finalize with more relevant probe questions (Dick, 2005). Thus, there are two kinds of questions. First, the opening questions investigate whether the concept elements are significant and to what extent they are meaningful and practical (Sekaran, 2006, p. 236). Then, interview follows by semi-structured questions to examine, and validate the propositions in details. The respondents are also asked to tell their own stories and experiences (Yin, 1994, p. 84). This kind of information associates with informants experience (Dick, 2005) and leads to find out memories, meanings, and interpretations might be hard to discover in other ways (Carson et al., 2001, p. 73). It is also predictable that after or before some questions a brief explanation is necessary to clarify the intention of questions (Kohli Jaworski, 1990). Interviews are conducted separately and they last 60-120 minutes. The Interview Protocol Appendix 4 is set up to have a systematic procedure. Due to get access to useful information, it is essential to render the right image and convince interviewees the study is non-threatening. This issue can be handled by give the overall summary of the research procedures and objectives in order to minimize the risk of defensive or self-conscious behavior (Waddington, 1994). Additionally, offering some motivations can be practical to encourage respondents for more commitment and collaboration. We consider providing a short report to the participating firms as prospective motivation. It supposes to let them to benchmark themselves within the industry. Keeping with ethical issues, we utilize direct approach and disclose the purpose of study. Choosing Appropriate Cases in Qualitative Stage In private service, consumer banking is nominated as the sample frame for qualitative study. In the retailing of financial services, customer behavior is characterized by full range of possible experience, which leads to achieve results that are more comprehensive. The focus on personal banking is also reasonable to analyze because of various possible interactions and accordingly various meaningful experiences. Moreover, specific characteristics of consumer banking and Malaysian banking perspective are likely to generate more holistic result (see, Error: Reference source not found). The study is set along with a similar research in financial service (e.g. OLoughlin Szmiginthe, 2005) with multiple cases (Yin, 1994, p. 45). It is based on conducting a series of interviews with key informants in banking (Gummesson, 2000, p. 179). Non-probability sampling is preferable, because it is convenient to meet sampling goals. The samples are chosen through purposive and snowball sampling (selective sampling; Patton, 1990; Sandelowski, Holditch-Davis, Harris, 1992, p. 279) as one kind of theoretical sampling (Eisenhardt, 1989). Purposive sampling is nominated for choosing banks (Sekaran, 2006, p. 277; Denzin Lincoln, 2005, p. 378) and snowball sampling for finding branch managers as representatives of the banking (Oloughin Szmigin, 2005). This approach intensifies the diversity of sampling to find different properties (Charles, 1994, p. 99; Dick, 2005). At least three or four sets of data are essential to come across the concept (Martin Turner, 1986). Accordingly, we plan to conduct 12 interviews in six data sets. Five of these sets are part of initial data collection attempt and the sixth one for cross-validation. This is in line with Perry (1998) and Eisenhardt (1989) who respectively suggested four to fifteen and four to ten cases for interview. We project theoretical saturation by five data sets, albeit the openness to increase cases. If there is any contrast between two respondents in a data set, we add another interview session to enhance validity. We nominate five local banks from Bank Negara list as our sampling frame (see, Appendix 6) as well as one foreigner bank for cross-validation. According a study by Goh in 2005, Maybank is the largest commercial bank in Malaysia in terms of asset, net profit, shareholder equity, and number of employees while CIMB holds the second place. Public Bank is the second rank in terms of profit and shareholder equity. RHB bank and Hong Leong Bank also have notable asset as well as considerable development in customer management. Additionally, HSBC is the largest foreigner bank regarding asset, profit, shareholder equity, and number of employee (Goh, 2005). In light of these information Maybank, CIMB, Public Bank, RHB Bank, and Hong Leong Bank are chosen as the first set of data source and HSBC is selected for cross validation. HSBC is leading banks in CEM; thus, verifying the qualitative result with HSBC would be reasonable decision (Lee, 2008; Wing, 2008). The interviews will be conducted with the managers of major branches, since they have close interaction with customers, they have extensive familiarity with consumer banking, and they are well updated with bank marketing strategy regarding consumer banking  [i]  . In this case, snowball technique is utilized to facilitate sampling. The technique suggests the initial respondents recommend other potential interviewees who can contribute to the study (Bryman Bell, 2007, p. 200). Recommending conversant is applicable in financial services (Oloughin Szmigin, 2005). However, to refine the process, a purposive approach prioritizes the recommendations (Schmidt Little, 2007). Subsequently, by saturation we move to sorting and coding in the clearest way. Data Capturing, and Coding in Qualitative Stage During qualitative research, we anticipate mass of detailed material. Ensuring about the capturing and recording relevant data would allow us for easy retrieval in analysis. Miles and Huberman (1984) expressed initial coding is compulsory to linking data and weave a story. In order to have systematic coding, some tools from Grounded Theory are utilized. In spite of GT, we do not begin with field data and allow the theory to emerge from the data; instead, we begin with tentative model from previous studies. That means core category does not emerge from data set. The role of literature review is also unlike GT, especially in developing categories. Instead, we follow preferable method by Miles and Huberman (1994) to set provisional codes, namely start list, which is based on the tentative model. To reduce the risk of observer bias, initial data capturing is fulfilled by field remarks throug

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Ray Bradbury Essay -- essays research papers

Ray Bradbury Ray Bradbury was a dreamer. Bradbury had a skill at putting his dreams onto paper, and into books. He dreams dreams of magic and transformation, good and evil, small-town America and the canals of Mars. His dreams are not only popular, but durable. His work consists of short stories, which are not hard to publish, and keep in the public eye. His stories have stayed in print for nearly three decades. Ray Bradbury was born on August 22, 1920, in a small town of Waukegan, Illinois. His parents were Leonard Spaulding and Esther Moberg Bradbury. His mother, Esther Moberg loved films, she gave her son the middle name Douglas because of Douglas Fairbanks, and she passed her love of films to her son. "My mother took me to see everything....." Bradbury explains, "I'm a child of motion pictures." Prophetically, the first film he saw, at the age of three, was the horror classic "The Hunchback of Notre Dame", staring Lon Chanley. His teenage Aunt Neva gave the boy his appreciation of fantasy, by reading him the Oz books, when he was six. When Bradbury was a child he was encouraged to read the classic, Norse, Roman, and Greek Myths. When he was old enough to choose his own reading materials, he chose books by Edger Rice Burroughs and the comic book heroes Flash Gordon, Buck Rogers, and Prince Valiant. When Bradbury was in Waukegan he developed his interest in acting and Drama. After seeing a magician, known as Blackstone, he became fascinated with magic also. In 1932, his family moved to Tucson Arizona. With his talents he learned in Waukegan (amateur magician) he got a job at the local radio station. "I was on the radio every Saturday night reading comic strips to the kiddies and being paid in free tickets, to the local cinema, where I saw 'The Mummy', 'The Murders in the Wax Museum', 'Dracula', .....and 'King Kong'." His family only stayed in Tuscan for a year, but Bradbury feels: "It was one of the greatest years of my life because I was acting and singing in operettas and writing, my first short stories." In 1934 his family moved to Los Angeles, where Bradbury has remained. He attended Los Angeles High School, where he wrote and took part in many dramatic productions. His literary ... ...feild is. The demands of the commercial marketplace and the need to confine a popular writer and his within an easy recognizable image have resulted in Bradbury's being jammed uncomfortably into a box labeled "Science Fiction". No definition of science fiction exists that pleases everybody, and even if it did, to apply it casually to the work of Ray Brabdbury would be inaccurate and unfair. H.G. Wells, whom many regard as a classical science fiction writer, had this to say about his own novels "They are all fantasies; they do not aim to project a serious possibility; they aim indeed only at the amount of conviction as one gets in a good gripping dream. They have to hold the reader to the end by art and illusion and not by proof and argument, and the moment he closes the cover the reflects he wakes up to their impossibility." Wells here is contrasting his stories with those of Jules Verne, wich he calls, 'anticipatory inventions." Viewed this way, virtually all of Bradbury's stories are fantasies, with Wells's concept of the "good gripping dream" coming closest to describing their effect. Even today Ray Bradbury's place in literature is not clear.

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Romanticism in American Lit

anRomanticism in American Literature brought us some of the world's greatest writers ever to live. Writers such as Edgar Allan Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Herman Melville, Ralph Waldo Emerson, and Henry David Thoreau all wrote during the Romanticism period. Without them we would not have stories such Moby Dick, Resistance to Civil Government, The American Scholar, The Scarlet Letter, and Edgar Allan Poe’s most notorious works such as The Raven and Annabel lee. The Romanticism movement started in Europe and in the late 1820’s it worked its way into America. It was aimed as a rebellion against the enlightenment movement.It was also referred to as the American Renaissance because it was the rebirth of literary values lost previously in the enlightenment era and Puritanism era. American Romanticism was in a broad sense a new attitude toward nature, humanity, and society that espoused individualism and freedom. Characteristics of romanticism writing included the power of imagi nation, impulse towards reform, admiration for nature, and the fascination with death and the supernatural. Romanticism literature had two very different sides to it, one being optimistic and the other is pessimistic.On the optimistic side you had writers such as Walt Whitman, Margaret Fuller, Henry David Thoreau, and Ralph Waldo Emerson. Pessimistic writers included Edgar Allen Poe, Herman Melville, and Nathaniel Hawthorne. Edgar Allan Poe was a very dark romanticist and was also a very deeply pessimistic writer, but in a philosophical kind of way. He wrote poems, novels, and essays throughout his writing career, and he even developed the style of southern gothic writing. His poems often portray a character in despair and he explores the state of the mind a lot.Another trait of Poe is he uses a lot of symbolism and imagery for example his use of darkness and light in the poem â€Å"Annabel Lee†. Poe implies that the  Ã¢â‚¬Å"kingdom by the sea† is a bright, cheerful p lace where the sun shines on two young lovers, the narrator and Annabel Lee. Ironically, in another realm of dazzling light–heaven–the highest order of angels, the Seraphim grow dark with envy of the young couple. Under cover of night, they send a cold wind that kills Annabel Lee: â€Å"The wind came out of the cloud by night, Chilling and killing my Annabel Lee. But the narrator says he remains in a realm of light, for his soul and the soul of Annabel Lee are one. In the last couple lines, Poe emphasizes this point with light imagery: â€Å"For the moon never beams without bringing me dreams, Of the beautiful Annabel Lee; And the stars never rise but I feel the bright eyes, Of the beautiful Annabel Lee† (679). Poe’s writing goes down in history for being some of the best literary works to ever come out of this period in American literature. Poe was a pessimistic writer on the other hand was Henry David Thoreau who was a very optimistic writer.One quote a found from Thoreau was just to â€Å"love your life†. In his essay â€Å"Resistance to Civil Government† he shows his rebellion in committing to governments values and ideas. Is very clearly stated at the beginning when Thoreau says â€Å"The Government is best which governs least† (829). Thoreau was a strong believer of take action for our own principles and to start thinking for ourselves and if you want change make it happen if you think it’s right. Ultimately he was jailed for his beliefs.Those including not believing for paying for stuff that didn’t benefit people and also for not supporting the Mexican American war, but Thoreau said to make changes sometimes good people have to go to jail. The romanticism period came to an end in the mid 1860’s, and In conclusion the romanticism period in America was a chance for writers to break out of the cookie cutter mold of previous era’s and a chance for writers to get their views and id eas out to the world through their literature. Romanticism writing can be broken up into eight different key ideas.Individualism is the idea that every person on earth knows God in their own way, and we will find truth for ourselves. Emerson and Melville often fall into the category of individualism. Organicism is the concept that society or the universe is comparable to a biological organism, as in development or organization, everything is connected. Unity and diversity stated that things are made up of many parts, but they all come together to make a one whole object. Dynamic change is the idea that the whole world brought us to this one moment yet the world is in a constant state of change. Imagination, originality, emotional, and finally nature.

Friday, November 8, 2019

Solar Winds and Lightning Strikes

Solar Winds and Lightning Strikes When you go outdoors for play or work, it probably never occurs to you that the lovely yellow Sun that heats and warms our planet is also responsible for a whole raft of other actions that affect us and our planet. Its true - and without the Sun we wouldnt have the beauty of the northern and southern lights, or - as it turns out - some of the lightning strikes that come during thunderstorms. Lightning strikes?   Really? Lets take a look at how that might be a solar effect. The Sun-Earth Connection The Sun is a somewhat active star. It regularly sends out giant outbursts called solar flares and coronal mass ejections. The material from these events rides out from the Sun on the solar wind, which is a constant stream of energetic particles called electrons and protons. When those charged particles get to Earth, some interesting things can happen.   First, they encounter Earths magnetic field, which protects the surface and lower atmosphere from the solar wind by deflecting the energetic particles around the planet. Those particles DO interact with the topmost layers of the atmosphere, often creating northern and southern lights. If the solar storm is strong enough, our technology can be affected - telecommunications, GPS satellites, and electrical grids - can be disrupted or even shut down.   What About the Lightning? When these charged particles   have enough energy to penetrate down into the cloud-forming regions of the Earths atmosphere, they can affect our weather.  Scientists found evidence that some lightning strikes on Earth may well be triggered by energetic particles from the Sun that reach our planet via the solar wind. They measured significant increases in lightning rates across Europe (for example) that occurred for up to 40 days after the arrival of particles carried by high-speed solar winds.   Nobodys quite sure how this works, but scientists are working to understand the interactions. Their data show that electrical properties of the air are somehow changed as the incoming charged particles collide with the atmosphere. Can Solar Activity Help Weather Prediction? If you could predict an increase in lightning strikes by using solar wind streams, that would be a real boon to weather forecasters. Since the solar wind can be tracked by spacecraft, having advance knowledge of solar wind storms would give weather forecasters a significant  chance to warn people about upcoming thunder and lightning storms and their severity. It turns out that astronomers have long known that cosmic rays, which are tiny high-speed particles from across the universe have been thought to play a part in severe weather on Earth. The ongoing studies of charged particles and lightning shows that lower-energy particles created by our own Sun also affect lightning. This is related to a phenomenon called space weather which is defined as geomagnetic disturbances caused by solar activity.   It can affect us here on Earth and in near-Earth space.  This new edition of the Sun-Earth connection, lets astronomers and weather forecasters learn more about both space weather and Earth weather. How Did Scientists Figure This Out? The record lightning strikes over Europe was compared with data from NASAs Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft, which lies between the Sun and the Earth and measures the characteristics of solar winds. It is one of NASAs workhorse space weather and solar activity observatories. After the arrival of the  solar wind at the Earth, the researchers showed there was an average of 422 lightning strikes across the UK in the following 40 days, compared to an average of 321 lightning strikes in the 40 days before the solar winds arrival. They noted that the rate of lightning strikes peaked between 12 and 18 days after the arrival of the solar wind. Long-term studies of the connection between the Suns activity and Earthly thunderstorms should give scientists useful tools not just for understanding the Sun, but also to help predict storms here at home.

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

The Slide Rule Essays - Logarithms, Binary Operations, Free Essays

The Slide Rule Essays - Logarithms, Binary Operations, Free Essays The Slide Rule The slide rule is mechanical device used by mostly engineers and scientists for fast and accurate multiplication, division, to find roots and powers, and other simple math problems. It consists of a fixed section with upper and lower parts marked with different logarithmic scales, a center part that slides between the parts of the fixed section and is also marked with scales, and a clear cursor that can be moved to help align the scale marks. The slide rule has almost been totally eliminated because of the 1970?s invention of the hand-held electronic calculator. Today it is mostly used by engineers and collected by antique collectors. A basic slide rule from the 1940?s that cost thirty dollars at the time would now be worth over two hundred dollars. Most people think that the only type of slide rule is the one that is straight and almost resembles a ruler. There are really three types of slide rules. The first type is the most common one, the Mannheim. This is basically a long stick with a movable centerpiece as well as a movable window, called the center piece, to work out math problems. The second type is the circular slide rule. These are virtually the same as the Mannheim, but bent around in a circle. The cursor is a pair of radial arms that move around the center or origin. The advantage of a circular slide rule is that you can fit a longer scale within a certain area. The third type is the cylindrical slide rule. These are the hardest kind of slide rule to come by and are very rare today. They are also similar to the Mannheim?s, but the scales are wrapped around a cylinder. These are the most accurate of slide rules, and also the most expensive, because they are made to be the most precise and have the longest scales to work with. The history of the slide rule dates back to 1614 when John Napier discovered the logarithm. This made it possible to perform multiplication and divisions by addition and subtraction. Even though this was a great time saver, there was still a lot of work required. The mathematician had to look up two logs, add them together, and then look for the number whose log was the sum. Edmund Gunter soon reduced the effort by drawing a number line in which the positions of numbers were proportional to their logs. The scale started at one because the log of one is zero. Two numbers could be added by measuring the distance from the beginning of the scale to one factor with a pair of dividers, then moving them to start at the other factor and reading the number at the combined distance. In 1621, William Oughtred simplified things further by taking two of Gunter?s lines and sliding them relative to each other which eliminated the dividers. In the years that followed, other people refined Oughtred?s design into a sliding bar held in place between two other bars. The first slide rule in which a sliding scale moved between two fixed sections was made in 1654. Later on, circular and cylindrical slide rules were developed. The cursor appeared on the earliest circular models, but appeared much later on straight versions. By the later 17th century, the slide rule was a common instrument with many different variations. The present form of the slide rule was developed in 1850 by a French army officer, Amedee Mannheim. It was the math tool of choice and was used by everyone from tax collectors to Sir Isaac Newton. By the 20th century, it was especially known as the engineers companion. In college campuses around the world, engineering students could be recognized by the slide rules they carried in leather cases and strapped to their belts. Yet, what commonly happens to most inventions happened to the slide rule. The once great math tool was then almost irrelevant when Hewlett-Packard introduced the HP 35 pocket scientific calculator in the early 1970?s. Since then you usually only find slide rules in an engineer?s desk or at an antique shop. The basic slide rule instructions start out with multiplying numbers on the slide rule. To multiply

Sunday, November 3, 2019

The Marketing Challenge Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Marketing Challenge - Assignment Example Carrying out marketing planning and operations strategies assist the marketing managers of GM to be innovative, challenge, authenticate their decisions and benchmark their organization so as to create operational marketing activities and compete effectively with other competitors in the market. Strategic marketing operations equip the marketing managers with operational intelligence that assist in making tactical and strategic decisions. The report comprises of marketing audit, marketing planning and marketing mix that should be adopted by any marketing executive. Contents Executive summary 2 Marketing Audit 5 Marketing plan 7 P.E.S.TE.L ANALYSIS 11 Marketing mix- The 4Ps 11 Business lifecycle 13 B.C.G Matrix 13 Conclusion 13 Reference list 15 Introduction The increase in gas and oil prices, continuous decline of mortgage/housing/credit sectors and the reduced consumer confidence for the last few years have greatly reduced the volume of sales of the automobile industry. This has left the strategic planners of several leading companies in dilemma on how to increase the sales and win the customer confidence. In today’s complex marketing environment, true strategic marketing managers should be equipped with expertise to capture critical messages that are sent by very essential yet mostly non-controllable external factors in the market and continuously using information as a way of changing the essential controllable internal factors of the business to effectively and strategically position the company towards achieving its objective (Solis, 2012). Furthermore, identifying external threats and opportunities by firms could put managers in a position of controlling these factors. Careful analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats will enable managers to position their organization for future success. In order to meet the change in market, shift in liestyles, shift in customer loyalty of GM, I recommend the following strategies to be implement ed by the newly appointed manager in the GM company. Identify what competitive position GM MOTORSÂ   Before doing anything as a newly appointed marketing manager, he should identify what kind of competitive advantages that the company has. For instance how competitive is the company as compared to other competitors in the same market? Is it a market leader or price setter? The manager has to come up with competitive strategies to outdo other companies like Toyota which have designed gas electric vehicle. Marketing Audit This is the process of analyzing and evaluating marketing activities, approach, aims and results of a firm. The process help GM marketing manager to determine new neglected or unknown markets focus their right messages to intended customers and to refine their plans and strategies to assist in increasing market share. In order to carryout effective market audit, the following processes should be adopted by the manager. 1. Assemble of the overall overview of GM compa ny The newly appointed manager has to understand the overall overview of the company may include the location of the company, sales history, date of establishment, key personnel, number of employees, and company’s chronology of events like divestitures, mergers and acquisitions. He should also know the history of the company since its inception 2. Describe the marketing goals and objectives

Friday, November 1, 2019

Conceptualizing a Business Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Conceptualizing a Business - Research Paper Example As the paper outlines, the current business environment comprises of firms and organization offering different kinds of products and services (John & Randel, 2010). It is evident that researchers have attempted all explorations concerning the consumers’ needs that fit modern times. Introduction and adoption of capitalism presented a new are of free enterprise. This led to the aspect of competition among product manufacturers and service providers. In this context, there was the establishment of many companies manufacturing the same product type and providing similar services. In this case, it is fundamental that every company defines itself in a unique manner that differentiates it from its competitors. Therefore, entry of a new business firm into the market requires thorough execution of the conceptualization step. This will facilitate dispensation of the company’s operating principles to the concerned stakeholders (John & Randel, 2010). Mission Doll Company Limited ai ms at developing systematic mechanisms that will strive towards responding to the consumer's needs in the soft drink industry. The main focus of this company is to place the customer at a reference position in all its entire practices. Doll seeks to fill the gaps that are present in the beverage market. The company acknowledges the fact that there are numerous shifts in most social dynamics with respect to the aspects of lifestyles and fashion. As a result, the consumer market is currently divided along the lines of trends and lifestyles. In this regard, Doll seeks to develop a corresponding shift in the products’ nature as per the dictates of these external forces of social dynamics. This company will ensure the production of customized soft drinks based on the aspect of lifestyle and fashion. In this company, the consumers participate in decision-making exercises through the expression of their interests concerning product preferences. Therefore, the main objective of Doll Beverage Company is to address contemporary customers’ needs by responding to the social dynamic forces (John & Randel, 2010). Vision The company’s vision statement is, â€Å"Become the leading soft drinks manufacturer by responding to the aspects of social dynamics†. Doll aims at establishing a strong market base in the consumer population by responding to their needs through product differentiation. The company will integrate all the concepts of business ranging from social responsibilities to ethics in ensuring development and maintenance of a healthy relationship with the consumers. The basis of the company’s operation is to address the product issues resulting from the aspect of social dynamics (John & Randel, 2010). Doll appreciates the fact that consumers’ preferences are continually diversifying due to the relative morality in both the social and economic pillars of society. Therefore, the company seeks to identify the social changes and re spond to them accordingly in terms of product customization. The company will always identify emerging trends in fashion and lifestyle platforms. Consequently, Doll will produce tailor-made soft drinks for the consumer classes created by these social dynamic forces. We will develop close and healthy relationship with customers by incorporating them in decision making processes concerning product specifications.